Fort Baxter (Kansas)

Fort Baxter, also known as Fort Blair, was a small US Army post located in the southeast corner of Kansas near present-day Baxter Springs, Kansas. This was known as the Cherokee Strip. It was one of a few Kansas forts attacked by Confederate forces. At one point the Confederate government claimed authority over the Neutral Lands, and both Union and Confederate troops operated in the area, as did guerrilla forces and militias prevalent in the Kansas-Missouri border area.[1]

Fort Baxter was established by Gen. James G. Blunt in May 1863. It was later described by the writer William E. Connelley as "consist[ing] of some log cabins with a total frontage of about 100 feet, facing east toward Spring river. Back of the fort, and of the same width, was a large space enclosed by embankments of earth thrown up against logs and about 4 feet high."[2] The west wall of the embankment was torn out on Oct. 5, 1863, to extend the north and south walls some 200 yards farther west. Still unfinished, the fort was attacked by Quantrill's raiders the next day.[3]

They had happened on to some Union forces while on the way to winter camp in Texas. While the Union forces managed to defend the fort, the Confederates also engaged a Union force led by Blunt, who was moving a detachment from Fort Scott east to Fort Smith, Arkansas. Quantrill's guerrillas outnumbered the Union forces and killed most of them, a total of 103 men. Blunt and a few cavalry survived and escaped.[4]

After the massacre of Blunt's force, Quantrill withdrew and continued to Texas. The troops stationed at Fort Blair and the survivors of Blunt's force moved away from the fort and into Camp Ben Butler. They buried most of the dead from both sides in mass graves.

When word of Blunt's defeat reached Fort Scott, Kansas, five companies of troops were sent to temporarily reinforce Baxter Springs. But on October 20, 1863, the troops in Baxter Springs were ordered to abandon the area and move to the better fortified Fort Scott. They destroyed and burned everything they could not take with them. The US Army abandoned Baxter Springs as a military post.[5]

See also

References

  1. ^ Woodbury F. Pride, The History of Fort Riley (n.p.: 1926), p. 46
  2. ^ William E. Connelley, Quantrill and the Border Wars, New York: Pageant Book Co., 1956), 1956 ed., p. 422.
  3. ^ Edited, Frank W. Blackmar, Kansas: a cyclopedia of state history, embracing events, institutions, industries, counties, cities, towns, prominent persons, etc. ... / with a supplementary volume devoted to selected personal history and reminiscence, Vol. 1 of 3, Chicago: Standard Pub. Co., 1912, p. 657
  4. ^ Connelley, pp. 430,, 432-4.
  5. ^ Hugh L. Thompson, "Baxter Springs as a Military Post—1862–1863," Kansas in the Civil War Battles and Campaigns, Vol. 3, pp. 32-4 (from the Kansas State Historical Society).

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